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The impact of hand-rearing of the Psittaciformes chicks on their future breeding behaviour and reproduction abilities.
BALABÁN, Michal
Hand-breeding of Psittaciformes is an important theme in connection with potential problems in the reproduction of such reared individuals. This also affects the future survival of some endangered species in the wild. This theme is not very developed in the literature and many breeders are of the opinion that artificially fed birds could cause problems in breeding. Literary research on the given theme, elaboration of 54 anonymous questionnaires filled in by breeders and three interviews with breeders who encountered the issue of inclusion of artificially fed individuals in breeding are chosen as the methodology. During the literature search, evaluation of questionnaires and from the conducted interviews, it was found that mainly the method, resp. the course of artificial breeding, determines the characteristics and abilities of parrots for their future life. The course of hand breeding depends on the decision of the breeder, for what purpose the parrot is intended, whether for breeding or as a domestic companion. Depending on the circumstances and conditions, the hand breeding parrot is able to be of the same quality for breeding as a naturally bred individual or to be a perfect pet. The results of this work contribute to the view that endangered populations of some captive species, which are very difficult to reproduce naturally, can be supplemented under the right conditions by reintroduction of hand-breeding parrots. Artificially bred individuals can also be placed in captivity. If the right process of socialization has taken place, such birds have the same ability to reproduce as naturally bred individuals.
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Breeding of Eastern Rosellas in European Climate Conditions
Baierlová, Nikola ; Ledvinka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Zita, Lukáš (referee)
Summary
This work is aimed at parrot breeding of genus Rossella in Europe, in different climatic conditions than the conditions in the Southeast and South Australia where the birds come from. Here, you can find overview of their occurrence in nature, evaluation of biotope, feeding and information on breeding in human custody.
Eastern Rosellas (Platycersus eximius) live in pairs and each pair is very protective
of their own nesting teritory. Outside of the nesting season, Rosellas are moving around the land in small groups.
In nature, these parrots eat grain from grass or weeds, seeds from bushes, trees
and of course fruit.
The nesting season starts around february and lasts until august. In nature Rosellas nest in hollow trees, branches, tree stumps, columns, on top of fence post and even in rabbit holes.
The best option when it comes to breeding Rosellas, is an outside aviary, which best represents their natural habitat. European winter causes them little to no trouble, the same goes for severe frost, which allows for year-round stay in the outside aviary.
Rosellas have the similar eating habits as their parrot brethren, meaning sunflower seeds, millet, panic grass, canary and oat. An important supplement in their daily diet is green feed(ing), fresh fruit and vegetable, branches to nibble on, mineral substances, and fresh drinking water. During the nesting season and while with young, it is necessary to feed
the birds an egg mixture, it is an important source of protein.
Breeding of Rosellas is fairly effortless, they can easily nest even in small spaces. Ideal size of their bird house would be 25 x 25 x 60 - 70 cm with a fly-in entrance of 7 - 8 cm. It is necessary to hang the bird houses as high as possible in the protected part of aviary. Female lays 5 - 7 white colored eggs, on which she sits 21 - 22 days. Young birds leave
the nest in age between 28 - 35 days and then, are are partly fed additional 10 - 14 days by
the male.
Among the most frequent diseases of this species of pet birds belong those non contagious, e.g. hypovitaminosis, uricosis and, furthermore parasitical ones and pathogens as well as other contagious diseases or feather abnormalities, such as the so called French defeathering.
Breeding of Rosellas does not require an experienced breeder. With proper care, Rosellas can live up to 25 - 30 years and remain fertile their whole lives.
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Parasitic diseases of Australian parrot species
Rasochová, Karolína ; Jankovská, Ivana (advisor) ; Husák, Tomáš (referee)
Australian parrot species can host many species of parasites. Parasitic diseases affects both parrots kept in captivity and living wild. This work is compiled as a literary review and provides a summary of most parasites with confirmed presence at the Australian species of parrots. Many parasites species have been detected recently. The presence of new species is confirmed also for parrots kept in Central Europe (coccidia Sarcocystis
calchasi) including the Czech Republic (parasitic protozoa Leucocytozoon spp., roundworm Ascaridia platyceri).
Parasitic infections may be detected trough examining samples from living parrots (feces, blood, tissues) or trough necropsy of died individuals (histopatology). In psittacines, protozal infections have been described (phylum Metamonada and Apicomplexa). Giardiasis, coccidiosis, cryptosporidiosis and blood parasites (Plasmodium spp., Leucocytozoon spp., Haemoproteus spp.) are among the most frequent. Australian parrot species are among the most frequent hosts of nematodes roundworms (Ascaridia spp.) and capillaries (Capillaria spp.). Regarding the strain Fungi, presence of Encephalitozoon hellem which causes microsporidiosis which primarily occurs in humans with acquired immunodeficiency has also been identified in psittacines. This makes it a potentially zoonotic disease. As of the ectoparasites, those most important representatives from the variety of species of parasitic mites and insects are mentioned. The life cycle of the parasites, their pathogenicity, ways of transmission, clinical signs in affected individuals, diagnosis and treatment options have been described.
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Trade with Grey Parrot (\kur{Psittacus erithacus}) in EU in relation to third countries
GALLISTLOVÁ, Renata
International trade in exotic pets is an important and increasing driver of biodiversity loss. The African grey parrot has been noted as one of man's friendliest pets with popularity attributed to its intelligence, cognitive and communicative abilities. Worldwide, the African Grey Parrot is the third most commonly traded wild bird species. The subject of this thesis is an evaluation of international trade in the gray parrot (\kur{Psittacus erithacus}), covered by CITES convention to Appendix II, between European Union and third countries, according CITES Trade Database and EC Annual Report 2004 in 1994-2013. The trade has been divided into export and import, by the two existing subspecies, and within these categories were evaluated main countries of export and import, source and purpose of the trade. It was found, that the trend of import of live specimens to EU during the period 1994-2005 was increasing, although the trend between 2006-2013 was declining. The trend of export of live specimens was slightly increasing for the period 1994-2001 and 2006-2013.
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Analysis of health problems in the breed parrots of the genus Amazona
JEŘÁBEK, Zdeněk
In addition to several critically endangered species, parrots of the genus Amazon are now commonly kept in the breeding zoos (zoological gardens) and as breeding pets. In observance of certain rules it is possible these parrots from tropical areas of the New World breed well in our environment and climate. Even with what the most suitable conditions for breeding in captivity, these parrots can be affected by various health problems and diseases. This study aimed to gather the latest knowledge veterinary issues affecting the parrots of the genus Amazon and they are divided into sections according to the type of disease and occurring health problems. Index of bird diseases: Infectious diseases. Injuries and accidents. Environmental effects. Development and growth abnormalities. Cancer diseases. Other diseases. The list of these diseases concludes summary of the most common diseases. At the end of this work are listed diseases to which they have parrots the genus Amazon predisposing conditions.
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